The Republican-led House of Representatives has failed in a knife-edge vote to impeach Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas over the migrant crisis at the US-Mexico border.
Four Republicans broke ranks and joined all Democrats in the chamber to vote 216-214 against the measure.
Opponents of US President Joe Biden blame Mr Mayorkas for a surge in illegal immigration at the US frontier.
Border security is becoming a top political issue in the 2024 election.
Three Republican defectors, Ken Buck of Colorado, Tom McClintock of California and Mike Gallagher of Wisconsin, voted no on Tuesday evening.
A fourth, Blake Moore of Utah, switched his vote from yes to no, as a procedural manoeuvre
House Speaker Mike Johnson's spokesman, Raj Shah, posted on X that Republicans would try again to impeach Mr Mayorkas "when we have the votes for passage".
Several congressional Republicans said the setback would have no bearing on their separate impeachment investigation into President Biden.
Signs of dissent over the Mayorkas vote had surfaced among the party rank-and-file earlier in the day.
Mr McClintock said on Tuesday morning he would vote against impeachment as the articles "fail to identify an impeachable crime that Mayorkas has committed" and "stretch and distort the Constitution".
Impeachment, a process set out in the US Constitution, is the first step in removing a federal official for a high crime or misdemeanour.
It requires a simple majority in the House and a two-thirds majority in the Senate to succeed. Democrats currently control the upper chamber.
The last cabinet secretary to be impeached was Secretary of War William Belknap in 1876, though he resigned shortly before the vote.
A Department of Homeland Security spokeswoman said in a statement: "This baseless impeachment should never have moved forward; it faces bipartisan opposition and legal experts resoundingly say it is unconstitutional.
"If House Republicans are serious about border security, they should abandon these political games," she added.
House Republicans held two hearings in January and charged Mr Mayorkas with failing to enforce immigration policies and lying to lawmakers about whether the southern border was secure.
The secretary did not testify during the hearings.
Before Tuesday's vote, Democrat Jim McGovern of Massachusetts said Republicans wanted to "create chaos, they want to create confusion, and they want to create a campaign issue for Donald Trump going into the next election".
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House Republicans failed to pass articles of impeachment for Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas, scuttling an effort that was widely seen as an opportunity to deliver on a key promise to GOP base voters.
The vote was stuck in a tie for several minutes as leaders scrambled, but in the end, four Republicans voted against the measure and the final vote was 214 to 216.
Republicans immediately moved to bring back the resolution up for another vote. But it's unclear when or if that will eventually happen. Republican Leader Steve Scalise was absent and is expected to return to the Capitol this month.
The Republican base and conservative media figures called for impeachment of multiple Biden administration officials – including Mayorkas, Attorney General Merrick Garland, and President Biden himself – after the party retook the House in the 2022 midterms.
Republicans have focused on investigations and oversight to deliver on demands from their base in a divided Congress where a Democratic-controlled Senate can quash any partisan bills sent from the House. But with a razor-thin majority, Republicans were unable to unite their conference and maintain a majority on the Mayorkas impeachment measure.
Speaking to reporters Tuesday morning, House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., said the chamber did not take the move "lightly." He accused Mayorkas of failing to enforce federal law "blatantly, openly, willfully and without remorse."
"It's an extreme measure, but extreme times call for extreme measures," Johnson said.
Rep. Tom McClintock, one of the Republicans who voted against impeaching, said on the House Floor Tuesday that "Sec. Mayorkas is guilty of maladministration of our immigration laws on a cosmic scale. But we know that's not grounds for impeachment because the American founders specifically rejected it."
But Republican Chip Roy of Texas argued that Mr Mayorkas had failed to enforce US immigration law "in a way that has led directly to the death of American citizens" as well as migrants.
A January poll conducted by CBS - the BBC's US partner - suggests that 63% of Americans want "tougher" border policies.
More than 6.3 million migrants are known to have entered the US illegally since Mr Biden took office in 2021.
About 2.4 million were allowed into the US, where the majority wait for immigration court dates in which they can make a case for asylum. The system is so overwhelmed that this can take years.
This week, a bipartisan group of US senators announced a bill that would step up border enforcement efforts as well as provide additional aid for Ukraine and Israel.Continue...
House Republicans have rejected the bill outright.
Immediately after Tuesday's impeachment vote, the House considered a separate Republican bill that would have provided $17.6bn (£14bn) to Israel, but it, too, failed to pass.
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